Accounting, not only one of the oldest professions in human history but also a significant tool in monitoring and organizing trade and economic activities, plays a crucial role. This study examines the historical development of accounting and evaluates its contributions to financial and economic systems. Starting with the recording of commercial activities, accounting has grown more complex over time, driven by evolving economic needs and the development of practical solutions to meet them. From ancient times to the Renaissance, accounting practices were shaped by innovations such as the double-entry bookkeeping system, laying the foundation for modern accounting principles. With the Industrial Revolution, accounting evolved to address the needs of industrial enterprises. By the 20th century, the adoption of international accounting standards ensured consistency on a global scale. With digital transformation and technological advancements, accounting has become more efficient and accessible, while retaining its core functions of monitoring financial conditions, reporting, and guiding strategic decision-making processes. In this context, the historical development of accounting not only underscores its impact on economic systems but also provides insights into its future role.